Choose the correct indirect form of the following direct sentence: He said, "We are all sinners."
ক) He said that all of them were sinners.
খ) All of them were sinners was told by them.
গ) All of us are sinners was told by him.
ঘ) He said that we are all sinners.
বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যা:
Reported speech এ 'We are all sinners' একটি চিরন্তন সত্য (universal truth)। তাই Reporting verb 'said' past tense এ থাকলেও Reported speech এর tense এর পরিবর্তন হবে না। 'we' দ্বারা মানবজাতি বুঝালে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
Related Questions
ক) Zinnia said that she reads all sorts of magazines.
খ) Zinnia said that I read all sorts of magazines.
গ) Zinnia said that she were reading all magazines.
ঘ) Zinnia reported that she had been reading magazines.
Note : Reported speech এ 'I read all sorts of magazine' একটি অভ্যাসগত কর্ম (habitual fact)। তাই Reporting verb 'said' past tense এ থাকলেও Reported speech এর tense এর পরিবর্তন হবে না। 'I' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'she' হবে।
ক) Soya said that she walked a mile every day.
খ) Soya said that she walks a mile every day.
গ) Soya said that I am walking a mile every day.
ঘ) Soya said that I walk a mile every day.
Note : Reported speech এ 'I walk a mile every day' একটি অভ্যাসগত কর্ম (habitual fact)। তাই Reporting verb 'said' past tense এ থাকলেও Reported speech এর tense এর পরিবর্তন হবে না। 'I' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'she' হবে।
ক) He told me that regular exercise is good for health.
খ) He told me that regular exercise is to be good for health.
গ) He told me that regular exercise was good for health.
ঘ) He told me that regular exercise is best for health.
Note : Reported speech এ যদি চিরন্তন সত্য (universal truth) বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য (scientific truth) বোঝানো হয় তবে Reporting verb past tense এ থাকলেও Reported speech এর tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না। 'Regular exercise is good for health' একটি চিরন্তন সত্য। 'said to' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'told' হবে।
ক) He said that he took bath in the Padma every morning.
খ) He said that he take bath in the Padma every morning.
গ) He said that he takes bath in the Padma every morning.
ঘ) He said that he taken bath in the Padma every morning.
Note : Reported speech এ যদি কোনো অভ্যাসগত কর্ম (habitual fact) বোঝানো হয় তবে Reporting verb past tense এ থাকলেও Reported speech এর tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না। 'I take bath' একটি অভ্যাসগত কর্ম তাই tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে এবং 'I' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'he' হবে।
ক) He said, "I saw him long ago."
খ) He said, "I have seen him long before."
গ) He said, "I did see him long ago."
ঘ) He said, "I had seen him long before."
Note : Indirect speech এ 'had seen' (past perfect) থাকলে Direct speech এ 'saw' (past indefinite) হয়। 'long before' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'long ago' হবে। 'he' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'I' হবে।
ক) He said, "I was writing a letter."
খ) He said, "I wrote a letter."
গ) He said, "I write a letter."
ঘ) He said, "I have written a letter."
Note : Indirect speech এ 'had been writing' (past perfect continuous) থাকলে Direct speech এ 'was writing' (past continuous) হয়। 'he' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'I' হবে।
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